External hemorrhoids can be quite bothersome, giving its owner some amount of pain, itchiness, and similar discomfort, not only during defecation, but also during the day. Internal hemorrhoids on the other hand remain often unnoticed, since this part of the rectal area is poorly equipped with pain receptors. The patient will often only know to have internal hemorrhoids if his or her stool shows bright red blood spots.
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But what are the possible consequences leaving external or internal hemorrhoids untreated? In both cases, the patient’s rectoanal area shows tissue damage. Since the bypassing feces are rich in microorganism, there is a high possibility of infection, which is normally also contributing to the discomfort of the patient. Leaving the condition untreated might end in a chronic infection with associated inflammation which changes the entire environment in this area. Long-term inflammation will affect also neighboring areas, which might ultimately result in poor sphincter function with associated incontinence.
External hemorrhoids ask more intensively for intervention, since the associated discomfort is way more pronounced. On top of this, external hemorrhoids show the tendency to get strangled, meaning to say that these extended veins get cut off their blood supply. Occurring blood clots diminish the perfusion in the affected area, which increases the problem. If an external hemorrhoid become a kind of source for internal blood clots, which might have easy access to surrounding blood vessels, then there is a certain possibility that these thrombi will be passed on into the circulatory system, building up emboli. An embolus is a thrombus which passes through the circulatory system to other parts of the body and blocks their blood vessels. If this blockage occurs in the coronary system of the heart, we speak of a myocardial infarction or heart attack; if it occurs in the brain, we speak of a stroke; if it occurs in muscle tissue, this will be a muscle infarction.
Long-term untreated external hemorrhoids show the tendency to become gangrenous. The definition of a gangrene is as follows: “Gangrene is a complication of necrosis (i.e., cell death) characterized by the decay of body tissues, which become black (and/or green) and malodorous. It is caused by infection or ischemia, such as by the bacteria Clostridium perfringens or by thrombosis (blocked blood vessel). It is usually the result of critically insufficient blood supply (e.g., peripheral vascular disease) and is often associated with diabetes and long-term smoking.” Gangrenous tissue has the tendency to expand its area and affect the surrounding tissue, turning them slowly also into gangrenous tissue. This will ultimately result in extended damage in this area.
For all this reasons, it is not advisable to ignore the existence of hemorrhoids. The possible adverse consequences of leaving them untreated are outweighing the efforts of a treatment, which is easy to manage and absolutely not heavy on the pocket of the patient.
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